Presenting mobile content based on programming context

ABSTRACT

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for generating search queries in response to obtaining audio samples on a client device. In one aspect, a method includes the actions of i) receiving audio data from a client device, ii) identifying specific content from captured media based on the received audio data, wherein the identified specific content is associated with the received audio data and the captured media includes at least one of audio media or audio-video media, iii) obtaining additional metadata associated with the identified content, iv) generating a search query based at least in part on the obtained additional metadata, and v) returning one or more search results to the client device, the one or more search results responsive to the search query and associated with the received audio data.

BACKGROUND

This specification relates to generating a search query in response toobtaining an audio sample.

Search engines allow searching of the Internet for resources, examplesof which include web pages, images, video, and audio content. A typicalsearch engine provides a web page for entering search queries.Generally, search queries can be constructed from terms entered into aweb page by a user, and searches can be conducted for web pages or otherfiles that contain the terms identified in the search query. Results ofa search conducted for a particular query can be ranked and listed onone or more search results web pages.

As mobile devices, including smartphones, netbooks, laptops, and otherdevices, have become more common, the corresponding use of mobile searchengines has increased. For example, users in the home are increasinglyperforming searches and browsing the internet during television andradio broadcasts, as well as while viewing or accessing recorded media,such as DVDs, Blu-rays, or digital media. Searches related to thesebroadcasts or viewings may be performed on the users' devices bymanually entering search terms associated with the media.

SUMMARY

In general, one innovative aspect of the subject matter described inthis specification can be embodied in methods that include the actionsof i) receiving audio data from a client device, ii) identifyingspecific content from captured media based on the received audio data,wherein the identified specific content is associated with the receivedaudio data and the captured media includes at least one of audio mediaor audio-video media, iii) obtaining additional metadata associated withthe identified content, iv) generating a search query based at least inpart on the obtained additional metadata, and v) returning one or moresearch results to the client device, the one or more search resultsresponsive to the search query and associated with the received audiodata. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding systems,apparatus, and computer programs, configured to perform the actions ofthe methods, encoded on computer storage devices.

These and other embodiments can each optionally include one or more ofthe following features. For example, the client device can include amobile device. The mobile device can include one of a mobile phone, asmartphone, a laptop, a network, or a tablet PC. The client device caninclude a set-top box associated with a presentation of audio media oraudio-video media. Further, the audio data received from the clientdevice includes an audio fingerprint of media recorded at the clientdevice. In some instances, the method further comprises obtaining anaudio fingerprint of the audio data. Obtaining the audio fingerprint caninclude generating an audio fingerprint from the audio data receivedfrom the client device. The captured media may include a collection ofcaptured digital television broadcasts, and the method may furthercomprise i) monitoring at least one digital television channel, ii)extracting an audio stream from each of the at least one digitaltelevision channels, iii) generating, for each of the monitored at leastone digital television channels, an audio fingerprint from at least aportion of the extracted audio stream, and iv) storing each of thegenerated audio fingerprints in an audio fingerprint repository, eachgenerated audio fingerprint associated with a unique content identifier.The method may further comprise i) deriving at least one additional setof information associated with each extracted audio stream, ii)generating at least one set of content-related metadata associated witheach extracted audio stream based on the derived at least one additionalset of information, iii) associating each of the at least one set ofcontent-related metadata with the unique content identifier associatedwith the generated audio fingerprint associated with the correspondingextracted audio stream, and iv) storing each of the at least one set ofcontent-related metadata in a metadata repository. In some instances,identifying specific content from captured media can include i) matchingan audio fingerprint generated from the audio data received from theclient device with at least one audio fingerprint stored in the audiofingerprint repository and ii) identifying the unique content identifierassociated with the at least one audio fingerprint stored in the audiofingerprint repository, while obtaining additional metadata associatedwith the identified content includes retrieving content-related metadataassociated with the identified unique content identifier from themetadata repository.

Another aspect of the subject matter described in this specification canbe embodied in a computer storage medium encoded with a computerprogram, the program comprising instructions that when executed by dataprocessing apparatus cause the data processing apparatus to performoperations comprising i) receiving audio data from a client device, ii)identifying specific content from captured media based on the receivedaudio data, wherein the identified specific content is associated withthe received audio data and the captured media includes at least one ofaudio media or audio-video media, iii) obtaining additional metadataassociated with the identified content, iv) generating a search querybased at least in part on the obtained additional metadata, and v)returning one or more search results to the client device, the one ormore search results responsive to the search query and associated withthe received audio data.

These and other embodiments can each optionally include one or more ofthe following features. For example, the client device can include amobile device. The mobile device can include one of a mobile phone, asmartphone, a laptop, a network, or a tablet PC. The client device caninclude a set-top box associated with a presentation of audio media oraudio-video media. Further, the audio data received from the clientdevice includes an audio fingerprint of media recorded at the clientdevice. In some instances, the instructions may cause the dataprocessing apparatus to perform operations further comprising obtainingan audio fingerprint of the audio data. Obtaining the audio fingerprintcan include generating an audio fingerprint from the audio data receivedfrom the client device. The captured media may include a collection ofcaptured digital television broadcasts, and when executed theinstructions may cause the data processing apparatus to performoperations further comprising i) monitoring at least one digitaltelevision channel, ii) extracting an audio stream from each of the atleast one digital television channels, iii) generating, for each of themonitored at least one digital television channels, an audio fingerprintfrom at least a portion of the extracted audio stream, and iv) storingeach of the generated audio fingerprints in an audio fingerprintrepository, each generated audio fingerprint associated with a uniquecontent identifier. The instructions may cause the data processingapparatus to perform operations further comprising i) deriving at leastone additional set of information associated with each extracted audiostream, ii) generating at least one set of content-related metadataassociated with each extracted audio stream based on the derived atleast one additional set of information, iii) associating each of the atleast one set of content-related metadata with the unique contentidentifier associated with the generated audio fingerprint associatedwith the corresponding extracted audio stream, and iv) storing each ofthe at least one set of content-related metadata in a metadatarepository. In some instances, identifying specific content fromcaptured media can include i) matching an audio fingerprint generatedfrom the audio data received from the client device with at least oneaudio fingerprint stored in the audio fingerprint repository and ii)identifying the unique content identifier associated with the at leastone audio fingerprint stored in the audio fingerprint repository, whileobtaining additional metadata associated with the identified contentincludes retrieving content-related metadata associated with theidentified unique content identifier from the metadata repository.

Another aspect of the subject matter described in this specification canbe embodied in a system comprising i) one or more front-end serversadapted to receive one or more sets of audio data from one or moreclient devices, ii) one or more match servers adapted to identify a setof program data from a plurality of sets of program data, wherein eachset of program data corresponds to one or more captured media programs,based on the audio data, iii) one or more service information serversadapted to store additional information associated with captured mediaprograms and identify specific additional information associated withthe identified set of program data, and iv) one or more search querybuilder servers adapted to generate a search query based at least inpart on the identified specific additional information associated withthe identified program data, where the one or more front-end serversfurther adapted to send at least one search query result identifiedbased on the generated search query to the one or more client devices.

These and other embodiments can each optionally include one or more ofthe following features, alone or in combination. For example, the one ormore front-end servers may be further adapted to obtain an audiofingerprint based on the one or more sets of received audio data, andthe one or more match servers may be further adapted to compare theobtained audio fingerprint with a plurality of program data-based audiofingerprints and identify at least one of the plurality of programdata-based audio fingerprints matching the obtained audio fingerprint.The system may further comprise one or more search engine serversadapted to receive the generated search query and identify at least onesearch query result responsive to the generated search query. In someinstances, the one or more client devices may include a mobile phone, asmartphone, a laptop, a network, or a tablet PC.

Another aspect of the subject matter described in this specification canbe embodied in a method that include the actions of i) obtaining anaudio sample from at least one media source at a client device, ii)transmitting audio data associated with at least a portion of the audiosample from the client device to a non-keyword-based search system, iii)receiving a set of search results associated with the transmittedportion of the audio data at the client device, wherein the set ofsearch results are generated at the non-keyword-based search system byidentifying media programming associated with the obtained audio sampleusing the transmitted audio data, selecting one or more search termsbased on the identified media programming, and submitting the one ormore search terms to a search engine, and iv) presenting the set ofsearch results at the client device.

These and other embodiments can each optionally include one or more ofthe following features, alone or in combination. For example, the atleast one media source can include a local media source, and obtainingthe audio sample from at least one media source at the client device caninclude recording ambient audio associated with the local media source.The at least one media source can include at least one of a televisionbroadcast, a radio broadcast, an Internet-based multimedia presentation,a DVD presentation, or a Blu-ray presentation. In some instances, thenon-keyword-based search system includes one or more servers,identifying media programming associated with the obtained audio sampleusing the transmitted audio data includes obtaining additional metadataassociated with the identified media programming at thenon-keyword-based search system, selecting one or more search termsbased on the identified media programming includes generating a searchquery based at least in part on the obtained additional metadata at thenon-keyword-based search system, and receiving a set of search resultsassociated with the transmitted portion of the audio data at the clientdevice includes transmitting a set of search results responsive to thegenerated search query from the non-keyword-based search system to theclient device. The client device can include a mobile device. The mobiledevice can include one of a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop, anetwork, or a tablet PC. In some instances, the method further comprisesobtaining an audio fingerprint of at least a portion of the audio sampleat the client device, wherein the transmitted audio data associated withthe at least a portion of the audio sample includes the obtained audiofingerprint.

Another aspect of the subject matter described in this specification canbe embodied in a computer storage medium encoded with a computerprogram, the program comprising instructions that when executed by dataprocessing apparatus cause the data processing apparatus to performoperations comprising i) obtaining an audio sample from at least onemedia source, ii) transmitting audio data associated with at least aportion of the audio sample to a non-keyword-based search system, iii)receiving a set of search results associated with the transmittedportion of the audio data, wherein the set of search results aregenerated at the non-keyword-based search system by identifying mediaprogramming associated with the obtained audio sample using thetransmitted audio data, selecting one or more search terms based on theidentified media programming, and submitting the one or more searchterms to a search engine, and iv) presenting the set of search results.

These and other embodiments can each optionally include one or more ofthe following features, alone or in combination. For example, the atleast one media source can include a local media source, and obtainingthe audio sample from at least one media source can include recordingambient audio associated with the local media source. The at least onemedia source can include at least one of a television broadcast, a radiobroadcast, an Internet-based multimedia presentation, a DVDpresentation, or a Blu-ray presentation. In some instances, thenon-keyword-based search system includes one or more servers,identifying media programming associated with the obtained audio sampleusing the transmitted audio data includes obtaining additional metadataassociated with the identified media programming at thenon-keyword-based search system, selecting one or more search termsbased on the identified media programming includes generating a searchquery based at least in part on the obtained additional metadata at thenon-keyword-based search system, and receiving a set of search resultsassociated with the transmitted portion of the audio data includestransmitting a set of search results responsive to the generated searchquery from the non-keyword-based search system. The computer storagemedium can include a mobile device. The mobile device can include one ofa mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop, a network, or a tablet PC. Insome instances, the program comprising instructions that when executedby data processing apparatus cause the data processing apparatus toperform operations further comprises obtaining an audio fingerprint ofat least a portion of the audio sample, wherein the transmitted audiodata associated with the at least a portion of the audio sample includesthe obtained audio fingerprint.

Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in thisspecification can be implemented so as to realize one or more of thefollowing advantages. A convenient non-keyword-based search interfacedriven by currently viewed content or programming is provided. Further,software and methods are provided that understand the content of abroadcast or programming being viewed (or listened to) by a user in realtime, and, in response, provide access to services or information thatdirectly complement and enhance the content to provide a richer userexperience. In television-based embodiments, it is possible to performrapid and relevant searches associated with current programs to provideadditional context to the content, as well as additional information.Further, advertisers can use the described software and methods forbetter monetization of their search ads, as users can be automaticallypresented with links or other information associated with programming orother content, and users interested in a particular advertisement canquickly retrieve additional and/or supplementary information regardingthe advertised products with minimal required interactions. Further,information embedded within or associated with a particular broadcastand/or advertisement, such as a uniform resource locator or businessinformation, can be quickly accessed through use of the describedmethods and systems.

Particular embodiments of the systems and methods described in thepresent disclosure may be particularly attractive for use on smartphonesand other mobile devices, as the devices themselves are personal devicesand can be used easily in conjunction with the use of a secondarybroadcast device, such as a television or radio. Specifically,smartphones can be used for “quick browsing” without interrupting ordistracting the user from the broadcast. Additionally, the size andaccessory constraints associated with mobile devices (e.g., a lack of ora difficult to use physical keyboard on the mobile device) means thataudio-based searches provide convenience and ease to integrating themobile devices into various use cases. Additionally, the audio-basedsearch of the present embodiments provide a richer set of search resultsdue to the increased context and metadata associated with the searchbased on the various sources of information included in the back-endsearch.

The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter describedin this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and thedescription below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of thesubject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings,and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example system for generating asearch query relevant to captured media in response to an audio-basedsearch request from a client device.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for performing anaudio-based search request from a client device.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for using an audiofingerprint of broadcast information to generate and perform a searchfor information associated with the broadcast.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for capturingbroadcast information and populating repositories of audio fingerprintsand content-related metadata.

FIG. 5 is an example illustration of search results provided to a clientdevice on a continuous or periodic basis using one or more examplemethods of the present disclosure.

Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicatelike elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example system for generating asearch query relevant to captured media in response to an audio-basedsearch request from a client device. The system 100 includes one or moreclient devices 104, a local media source 102 local to the client device104, a network 110, a front end server 112, a match server 120, acapture server 152, an ad detection server 160, a service informationserver 134, a search query builder server 130, a search server 138, andat least one media source 150 associated with the capture server 152.Communications throughout system 100 can be performed via the network110. For instance, the client device 104 and the front-end server 112can communicate by way of the network 110. Additionally, and while notillustrated in FIG. 1, the various other illustrated components can alsocommunicate by way of the network 110 (e.g., the front-end server 112and the match server 120, the capture server 152 and the serviceinformation server 134, etc.). The network 110 can include one or morelocal area networks (LANs), a wide area network (WAN), such as theInternet, a wireless network, such as a cellular network, or acombination of all of the above. In general, the client device 104communicates with the front-end server 112 to perform non-keywordsearches based on audio information associated with the local mediasource 102 local to or associated with the client device 104.

The client device 104 may be any suitable device associated with a userthat is capable of capturing audio information associated with abroadcast, programming, or other media. For example, the client device104 can be a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, atablet computer, a netbook, a laptop, or any other type of mobiledevice. Still further, the client device 104 can be a relativelyimmobile device, such as a desktop computer, a set-top television tuneror digital video recorder, a personal video recorder, or any othersuitable type of computing device. In some embodiments, the clientdevice 104 can capture ambient audio from a local media source 102through an audio receiver 106 internal to or external and associatedwith the client device 104. The audio receiver 106 can be, for example,an internal microphone included within a device, such as a smart phoneor tablet computer, as well as an external microphone connected toand/or associated with a device that does not include its own audioreceiver 106. In still other instances, the client device 104 maycapture audio data from media being executed, listened to, or watched onthe client device 104 itself, such as streaming video, audio, or othermultimedia. Therefore, the local media 102 can be any source of audiodata associated with programming or media, including live televisionprograms, recorded television programs, DVDs, Blu-rays, streaming media,radio broadcasts (or recordings thereof), or any other suitable media.

The client device 104 may include an audio capture application 108 thatallows the client device 104 to record ambient (or internal) audio andprocess that audio information to initiate a non-keyword-based searchrequest. In some instances, the audio capture application 108 mayprovide an interactive user interface (UI) through which the user canchoose to record audio samples from the local media source 102 andsubmit a search associated with the recorded data. In some instances,the audio capture application 108 can be launched or begun by pressing asingle key or button on the client device 104, such as an executableicon on the client device's 104 home screen, or by a button within theUI of the capture application 108 that signals for the application 108to capture and transmit an audio sample to the front-end server 112.Upon activation, the audio capture application 108 can record audio datafor predetermined time periods when activated (e.g., seven to tenseconds), the time periods estimated or calculated to provide a suitableamount of audio information to identify the captured local media 102.Alternatively, the audio capture application 108 may be recording audioinformation on a continuous or semi-continuous basis. In thoseinstances, when a user of the client device 104 elects to or initiates asearch, a portion of the recorded audio can be used as the audio samplesent to the front-end server 102. In one example, the last ten secondsof the recording prior to the search's initiation can be used.

As illustrated by arrows 109 and 111, the audio sample is sent to thefront-end server 112 via network 110. In some instances, the audiosample sent to the front-end server 112 by the client device 104 mayinclude device-specific (e.g., the current location or type of theclient device 104) and/or user-specific information (e.g., a user ID,customized user search preferences, user profile and demographicinformation, etc.). Further, the audio sample sent to the front-endserver 112 may also include an audio fingerprint of the recorded audiosample. An audio fingerprint is a unique digital representationgenerated from an audio signal (here, the recorded audio sample) thatcan be used to identify other similar or identical audio samples. Insome embodiments, the audio fingerprint of the recorded portion of thelocal media 102 is used to compare and identify, via the variouscomponents of the system 100, the media or programming currentlycaptured at the client device 104. In some embodiments where the audiofingerprint of the recorded portion of the local media 102 is generatedat the client device 104, only the audio fingerprint may be sent to thefront-end server 112.

The front-end server 112 receives the audio data from the network 110(as illustrated by arrow 111). In some instances, only a raw audiosample may be received at the front-end server 112. In those instances,an audio fingerprint generator application 114 can be used to generatethe audio fingerprint of the received audio sample. If the audio datareceived from the client device 104 includes the audio fingerprint ofthe audio sample, the audio fingerprint generator application 114 maynot be used. The audio data received from the client device 104generally represents a request (and may, in some cases, be included in aspecific request) to determine the content of the audio sample andprepare and execute a search query associated with that content. In theillustrated system 100, the front-end server 112 includes a contentsearch manager 118, which may be an application used to manage or directthe content identification process. As illustrated by arrow 119, thefront-end server 112 (or the content search manager 118) sends (orforwards) the audio fingerprint to the match server 120.

The match server 120 compares the audio fingerprint from the audiosample received from the client device 104 to audio fingerprints fromcaptured content. As illustrated in FIG. 1, this comparison is performedby a match service 122, which accesses one or more audio fingerprintrepositories associated with audio samples captured and/or collectedfrom one or more media sources 150. In FIG. 1, the match service 122compares the audio fingerprint received from the client device 104 to arepository of captured media audio fingerprints 158 (stored, in thisexample, at a capture server 152, and illustrated by arrow 123), as wellas to a repository of ad-related audio fingerprints 166 (stored, in thisexample, at an ad detection server 160, and illustrated by arrow 124).The match service 122 can search any suitable repository of audiofingerprints, including a repository of audio fingerprints local to thematch server 120, as well as other repositories stored external to, ornot illustrated in, system 100. Further, multiple instances of the matchservice 122 (as well as multiple match servers 120) may be employed insystem 100 to perform audio fingerprint matching services for system100. As described, the match service 122 compares the audio fingerprintreceived from the client device 104 to the audio fingerprints of the oneor more associated repositories to generate a fingerprint match, or aset of possible fingerprint matches. Each audio fingerprint determinedto be a match (or a possible match) to the client device's 104 audiosample may be associated with a unique identifier, such as a content IDor other identifying value. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the uniqueidentifiers associated with the one or more (possible) matches, as wellas any other relevant information, are returned to the match service 122from the capture server 152 and the ad detection server 160 (illustratedby arrows 125 and 126, respectively). Information on potential matchesfrom any other searched repositories is also returned to the matchservice 122. The match service 122 may determine the best match of eachof the potential matches. In some instances, the matching algorithmperformed by the match service 122 may provide scores or relativeconfidence levels of the possible matches. In some instances, a singleaudio fingerprint may be identified as matching that of the audiofingerprint associated with the client device's 104 captured audiosample. In other instances, two or more audio fingerprints may beclosely ranked or rated by the match service's 122 algorithm. In theembodiment of FIG. 1, a single audio fingerprint (and therefore, aspecific piece of content) from the various repositories is selected asthe most likely (and, in some cases, the only) match to the clientdevice's audio fingerprint. In alternative embodiments, multiple audiofingerprints (and therefore, multiple sets of content) may be returnedby the match service 122.

Once an audio fingerprint match is selected and the associatedidentifier is retrieved, the match service 122 returns the associatedcontent identifier to the front-end server 112 (as illustrated by arrow127), where the information is collected and processed by the contentsearch manager 118. The content search manager 118 then sends thecontent identifier to the search query builder server 130 (asillustrated by arrow 128), where the content identifier is used (forinstance, by a search query builder module 132 to retrieve informationassociated with the content identifier from a service information server134 (as illustrated by arrow 133). In some instances, the match service122 may interact directly with the service information server 134 toretrieve information associated with the content identifier, such asmetadata associated with the identified content, and related todifferent portions of the information associated with the captured mediasources 150, including subtitle metadata 172, electronic programmingguide (EPG) metadata 176, and video-based keyword metadata 174, amongothers. In some instances, specific content may be associated withsponsored or specific information stored in the service informationserver 134. For example, an advertisement may be associated with aparticular website, with the particular website linked or associatedwith the unique identifier of the identified content. When theidentified content represents the most likely match from the matchservice 122, the specifically-associated materials and information mayautomatically be included in the results returned to the client device104. In some instances, the specifically-associated materials andinformation may be provided by the broadcasters or other persons orentities associated with the content, including advertisers. Asillustrated in FIG. 1, that information can be stored in thecontent-specific information repository 170 of the service informationserver 134. Metadata associated with the identified content can becollected and retrieved from the service information server 134 usingthe unique identifier associated with the matched audio fingerprint. Insome instances, the service information server 134 may include a datamanager 168 (such as a relational database management system (RDBMS)compatible with the repositories stored at the service informationserver 134) which can be used to perform queries on the stored metadatato return information related to the specified content identifier.

As illustrated by arrow 135, the metadata and information associatedwith the content identifier is sent to the search query builder module132, which uses the received data to build one or more search queriesrelated to the current content associated with the audio sample capturedby the client device 104, as well as that content's context asdetermined from the information retrieved from the service informationserver 134. Once the relevant search query or queries are generated, thesearch query builder module 132 provides those queries to the searchserver's 138 search engine 140 (as illustrated by arrow 137), whichsearches one or more search repositories and indexes for resultsresponsive to the search queries, and therefore, associated with theidentified content and the content's contextual information. The searchengine 140 can be a general search engine and can perform searches basedon the search query or queries provided by the search query buildermodule 132, as well as any other search inputs that are provided to thesearch engine 140. Alternatively, the search engine 140 may be usedexclusively with the illustrated system 100. In some embodiments, thesearch results returned by the search engine 140 may be personalized fora particular user based on information associated with the client device104 and its user (e.g., user search histories, previous user interactionselections, user settings, user profiles, client device types, userlocation, and other information of interest to the user, among otheruser or client device 104 personalization data). In addition,context-relevant and sponsored advertisements may be included with thesearch results for monetization purposes.

As illustrated by arrow 141, the results of the search are provided tothe front-end server 112. The front-end server 112 (or here, the searchresults collector 116) generates the search results set (as well as anycontent-specific information) into a format appropriate for sending theresults back to the client device 104. These search results may beformatted, for instance, as hypertext markup language (HTML) contentthat can allow a browser at the client device 104 to display the searchresults. The formatted results are sent to the client device 104 via thenetwork 110 (as illustrated by arrows 143 and 145). In some instances,the search results can be displayed within the audio capture application108, while in other instances, the search results can be displayed by aweb browser or other software at the client device 104.

The above describes FIG. 1 from the perspective of the client device'saudio capture functionality, the corresponding identification of thecaptured content, and the generation and execution of the search queryassociated with the captured content. FIG. 1 also illustrates multiplecomponents illustrating how the information associated with the variousmedia types is captured.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1, audio and other information from oneor more media sources 150 is captured by the system 100, such as by thecapture servers 152 and the ad detection servers 160. The captureservers 152 can be associated with, connected to, or communicablycoupled to one or more media sources 150. The media sources 150 mayinclude, for example, television content (e.g., digital televisionbroadcasts or over-the-air broadcasts), radio broadcasts,Internet-streaming or -based multimedia, as well as recorded media, suchas DVDs, Blu-rays, and other types of media. The system 100 may includea plurality of capture servers 152, each capture server 152 associatedwith one or several media sources 150. For example, one capture server152 may be dedicated to capturing several television channels on one“multiplex” or “transport stream” concurrently (e.g., 5-10 channels percapture server 152). Capture servers 152 may be provided in any locationcapable of receiving and viewing the associated media. In someinstances, capture servers 152 may be located in different countries andassociated with media sources 150 associated with that location. Forexample, a first set of capture servers 152 may be located in a firstcountry, a second set of capture servers 152 may be located in secondcountry, and a third set of capture servers 152 may be located in athird country, each capturing media specific to those countries orassociated regions.

The capture server 152 includes a content capture application 154associated with each “transport stream” to process and extract contentfrom the media sources 150. Each channel of the transport stream isprocessed by the content capture application 154, potentially inreal-time, to capture audio fingerprints associated with the content, aswell as additional information included or associated with the content.For example, live digital television-based content is processed by thecontent capture application 154 by extracting various portionsassociated with the media stream, including (1) the audio streamassociated with the content, (2) a subtitle stream associated with thecontent, (3) a video stream associated with the content, and (4) a setof electronic program guide (EPG) data included within the media stream.

The content capture application 154 uses an audio fingerprintingalgorithm (e.g., a “forgiving hash” algorithm) and engine to createaudio fingerprints associated with the captured audio stream. Asillustrated in FIG. 1, the audio fingerprints of the captured media canbe stored local to the capture server 152 in the media audio fingerprintrepository 158, in which a unique identifier is applied to andassociated with the captured content. In some instances, the audiofingerprints of the audio stream can be sent to the match server 120 forstorage and/or comparison against audio fingerprints associated withaudio samples captured at client devices 104. Still further, the mediaaudio fingerprint repository 158 may be stored in a separate componentor repository from the capture server 152, e.g., a common fingerprintrepository (not illustrated). When the match service 122 attempts toidentify matching audio fingerprints, the match service 122 may searchor use the audio fingerprints from the one or more common fingerprintrepositories, as opposed to the fingerprints stored at the captureserver 152.

The content capture application 154 can also extract informationassociated with subtitles included with the content received at thecapture server 152. In some instances, the subtitles may be a text-basedstream of information (e.g., ATSC closed captioning), while in otherinstances, the subtitles may be an image-based stream of information(e.g., DVB-SUB subtitles in Europe which are bitmap-based). If thesubtitle information is text-based, keywords and other informationassociated with the subtitles may be retrieved from the extractedsubtitles, and stored in a local repository, such as the contentmetadata repository 156, or can be sent to the service informationserver 134, where the subtitle metadata (and related information) can bestored in the subtitle metadata repository 172. The unique identifier ofthe content associated with the specific metadata can be included in thestored information, allowing quick access to the metadata and otherinformation when needed or requested. If the extracted subtitles are inan image-based form (e.g., a bitmap), the content capture application154 can use optical character recognition to recognize and capture thesubtitle metadata. Still further, if no subtitles are included in fromthe media source stream, a voice-to-text conversion can be performed toconvert the audio information into subtitle-like data. Voice-to-textconversion can be used to obtain information similar to that obtainedwhen processing extracted subtitles, and may, in some cases, be storedin the same subtitle metadata repository 174 or any other repository orlocation.

The content capture application 154 can use the extracted video streamassociated with the captured content to perform additional processing.In one example, snapshots of the video stream may be taken at periodicintervals to obtain one or more still images associated with thecaptured content. Those still images can be sent to an image analysisserver 155, and one or more video-based keywords can be generated. Forexample, text, logos, and other information included with the stillimages can be used to generate additional metadata for use in theillustrated system 100, using OCR techniques or other image-related dataextraction methods, including facial recognition of persons within theimage or object recognition for items, landmarks, and locationsassociated identified within the image. Once a set of video-basedkeywords is generated, the image analysis server 155 can return the setof video-based keywords to the content capture application 154. Thecontent capture application 154 can then store the video-based keywordslocally within the content metadata repository 156, or send thevideo-based keywords to a video-based keyword metadata repository 174 atthe service information server 134. In either instance, the video-basedkeywords can be associated with the unique content identifier to allowfuture associations between identified content and associated metadatato be made when searches are requested or performed. For capturedcontent that is not associated with video or images, no video-basedkeywords may be generated.

The content capture application 154 can also extract information fromEPG data embedded within or included with the media source stream.Additionally, the EPG data may also be provided by or received directlyfrom third parties such as publishers or broadcasters. Thedirectly-provided data may be supplied as XML or any other type of datafiles, and may be received using an electronic messaging standard, oneor more APIs associated with the system 100, or any other format andmethod of delivery. By receiving information directly from thirdparties, those third parties may be able to publish data specificallyintended for display through the systems and methods described in thepresent application. For digital television, the EPG information canprovide information regarding upcoming programming and programinformation for each channel within a transport stream. The EPGinformation may include a specific time period (e.g., 8 to 16 days) ofprogram information for a each captured channel, as well as real-timeupdates to (or derivations from) the EPG information due to currentprogramming. For example, the updated information may be used todetermine whether a live program or televised sporting event hasexceeded its programmed time slot, with such information being includedin the set of EPG data extracted from the content. EPG information maybe in, for example, DVB-EIT tables in Europe, or ATSC EIT information inthe United States, or other formats used by various media providers andmedia sources 150. Upon extracting and processing the EPG information,the content capture application 154 can store the relevant EPG metadataand information in an EPG metadata repository 176 within the serviceinformation server 134 (or alternatively, a local repository on thecapture server 152, e.g., the content metadata repository 156). Ingeneral, information is sent from the capture server 152 to the serviceinformation server as illustrated by arrow 159.

Information from the media sources 150 can also be analyzed and/orprocessed by the ad detection server 160. In general, the ad detectionserver 160 detects advertisements included within the media sourcestream when they are broadcast. In some instances, an ad detectionserver 160 may be associated with each capture server 152, wherein theinformation extracted by the content capture application 154 is thenpassed to the ad detection server 160 to perform its own processing ofthe information. Alternatively, the media source content may besimultaneously or concurrently sent to the ad detection server 160 toperform the ad detection and recognition functionality of the server160, while the capture server's 152 components perform theirfunctionality. Still further, the functionality of the ad detectionserver 160 (of which there may be many) may be included with or a partof the functionality and operations performed on the one or more captureservers 152.

The ad detection server 160 can include several components, including anad capture application 162, an ad detector application 164, and an adaudio fingerprint repository 166. In general, the ad capture application162 may perform similar operations to the content capture application154, by creating an audio fingerprint of the audio portion of thecaptured media. In some instances, the content capture application 154may share the audio fingerprint generated at the capture server 152,thereby possibly eliminating duplicative functionality between the twocomponents. Once the audio fingerprint of the captured media isavailable, the ad detector application 164 can compare the audiofingerprint of the captured media to one or more repositories of audiofingerprints associated with “known” ads, including the local ad audiofingerprint repository 166. Further, the ad detection server 160 mayalso store or be associated with one or more video fingerprintsassociated with the various known ads, which can be used in associatedwith video fingerprints generated from media captured from the transportstream in order to improve accuracy of known ad matches. If the audiofingerprint (and, in some instances, the video fingerprint) of thecurrently captured media matches a known ad, a unique identifierassociated with the ad can be returned to the match service 122 when aquery is requested. In those cases, a set or sets of ad-related metadatamay be stored in the service information server 134, allowingconnections between the identified ad content and the stored metadata tobe used in generating a set of search results to a query. Additionally,specific information associated with a particular known ad may beavailable in the service information server 134, such as links to acompany's website, additional product information, and other relevantinformation. This ad-specific information can be stored in thecontent-specific information repository 170, and used or included withinthe results whenever the audio sample captured at the client device 104is determined to be a known ad. The use of audio and video fingerprintsto identify known ads provides better accuracy, and allows the addetection server 160 to compare the video and audio streams of thecaptured media (i.e., the live broadcast) to determine whether thecontent currently being aired on a particular channel is anadvertisement or not. When a query is received from the client device104, and if the audio fingerprint associated with the audio samplereceived from the client device matches content associated with aparticular channel, then the knowledge that the channel is showing anadvertisement at the time of the client device's 104 query can be usedwhen generating search results for the client device 104.

The ad detection server 160, and as illustrated, the ad detectorapplication 164, can also determine whether certain captured content isassociated with or is an advertisement. In one example, the ad detectorapplication 164 may be detected using a repetition pattern algorithm toidentify particular captured content as an advertisement. Once a newadvertisement is identified, any additional information available fromthe content stream can be used to generate metadata associated with theidentified advertisement, for instance, using the ad capture application162. For instance, still images from the video stream associated withthe advertisement can be processed by the image analysis server 155 suchthat one or more video-based keywords are generated and subsequentlystored at the service information server 134. In some instances, the adcapture application 162 can perform an OCR of the images or subtitlesassociated with the advertisement to obtain advertisement-specificinformation that can be included in the current and future searchresults when the audio sample captured at the client device 104corresponds to the identified advertisement. Additionally, the adcapture application 162 can also generate a video fingerprint associatedwith the captured advertisement content, which can be used to increasethe accuracy of advertisement matches. Information retrieved by the adcapture application 162 can be passed to or stored at the correspondingrepository of the service information server 134 (as illustrated byarrow 167).

The service information server 134, as described, is used to storecontextual data, such as metadata and content-specific information,associated with the captured media. The service information server 134can include repositories storing any suitable information associatedwith captured media. Further, additional types of metadata other thanthose illustrated within the service information server 134 can bestored. In some instances, the various types of metadata can becollected in a single repository instead of the plurality ofrepositories displayed in FIG. 1. The service information server 134 maystore information for a certain amount of time (in some cases, dependingon the corresponding content type) before archiving the information inan archive or other storage repository. For example, in order tooptimize the system for results associated with live televisionbroadcasts, information may only be stored on the service informationserver 134 for a relatively short period of time before it is archived.In some instances, this time period may be several minutes, severalhours, or any suitable length of time. In some instances, informationmay be stored for longer periods of time in order to allow time-shiftedcontent (i.e., recorded content) to be included in the system.Additionally, more than one service information server 134 can be used,with different servers 134 storing information at different intervals.In that manner, recorded media, such as DVDs and Blu-rays, can be usedwith the present system 100 even though specific media source 150 is nota live (or time-shifted) broadcast of the media stream. In this manner,the limitations of the system 100 may be determined based on the storagecapacity of the plurality of service information servers 134 and theintended use of the system 100 in general (i.e., limited to livetelevision broadcasts, or inclusive of all possible media types). Aspreviously described, the service information server 134 can include thedata manager 168 to retrieve information responsive to and associatedwith queries and searches based on a particular content identifier.Further, the various audio fingerprints of the system may also be storedwithin the service information server in alternative embodiments.

While FIG. 1 is described as containing or being associated with aplurality of components, some implementations may not include allcomponents illustrated within the illustrated implementation of FIG. 1.Additionally, one or more of the components described herein may belocated external to system 100, while in other instances, certaincomponents may be included within or as a portion of one or more of theother described components, as well as other components not described.Further, certain components illustrated in FIG. 1 may be combined withother components or perform certain functionality of one or more othercomponents, as well as used for alternative or additional purposes, inaddition to those purposes described herein.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 200 for performingan audio-based search request from a client device. For clarity ofpresentation, the description that follows generally describes method200 in the context of system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. However, it willbe understood that method 200 may be performed, for example, by anothersystem, environment, or combination of systems and environments.

At 205, the client device loads a local audio capture application. Insome instances, the audio capture application may be loaded (orinitialized) from a start or home screen displayed on the client device.Once the audio capture application is loaded, an audio sample isobtained at 210. In some instances, ambient audio can be captured andrecorded by the client device using a microphone, an audio receiver, orother audio-based input. In one example, the captured audio may beassociated with live television programming. In some instances, theaudio captured by the audio capture application may be captured from theclient device itself, such as when the client device is streaming onlineor Internet-based video or audio, as well as when the client device isthe source of the local media being captured. The client device may be amobile device (e.g., a smart phone, a tablet PC, etc.), while it alsomay be a standalone device, including a set-top box associated with ordirecting the presentation of video, audio, and other suitablemultimedia. In some instances, obtaining the audio sample may alsoinclude providing a prerecorded audio sample stored on the client deviceto the audio capture application.

In some implementations, the client device can generate an audiofingerprint of the obtained audio sample using any suitable audiofingerprinting algorithm and process at 215. Alternatively, the clientdevice may not perform the audio fingerprinting, allowing the back-endsystem to perform those functions. In either situation, the obtainedaudio sample and/or the audio fingerprint are sent to an audiofingerprint match service or system at 220. Again, the client device maysend only the raw audio sample recorded or obtained at 210, or theclient device may send an audio fingerprint of the audio sample. In someinstances, 220 is performed automatically after the audio sample isobtained (and the audio fingerprint is generated, if done at the clientdevice). Therefore, the process of requesting a search be performed oncaptured audio may require a single click or action on the clientdevice. As described here, the initial loading or activation of theaudio capture application may be the one action required by a user tobegin the non-keyword, audio sample-based search. Further, in someinstances, various methods of audio compression may be applied by theclient device prior to sending the audio sample (and the audiofingerprint) in order to minimize the required data. Additionally,silent portions of the audio sample may be removed, where applicable, toreduce the audio sample file size. Additionally, the client device mayinclude certain user or client device information with the transmittedaudio sample, including user profile information, client device locationinformation, user preferences, and other information that can be used toenhance and focus the search associated with the audio sample. Byincluding the client device's location information (using globalpositioning system (GPS) information, information retrieved fromcellular or wireless communications associated with the client device,or information supplied by or derived from the user or client device,such as a location determination using geo-location services based onthe client device's IP address), the potential broadcasts captured atthe client device can be filtered such that only a portion of thepossible results are searched and returned. For example, a search from aclient device in the United States may not access or attempt to searchcontent associated with German broadcast television. In this way, a moreefficient search query can be submitted without requiring additionaluser interaction.

At 225, a set of search results associated with the obtained audiosample are returned to and received by the client device. Generally, thesearch results can be associated with the broadcast or informationcorresponding to the obtained audio sample. For instance, if the clientdevice has captured an audio sample from a particular television show,search results and information associated with that show are returned tothe client device. Similarly, if a particular advertisement is includedin the audio sample, information directed towards the product or serviceassociated with the advertisement can be returned, including informationincluded within the video portion of the advertisement. At 230, thesearch results are presented at the client device, such as through a webbrowser associated with the application, as well as a web browser orother functionality included or associated with the local audio captureapplication.

Although not illustrated in FIG. 2, some client devices may not be ableto record or obtain audio samples from a local media source during therequested time. Alternatively, a program or broadcast may be watchedwith the audio too low for the client device to capture. In thoseinstances, the audio capture application may provide an alternativesolution by asking the user to input a particular channel currentlybeing viewed. Using only that information, a search may be sent to theback-end search system that returns search results associated with thecurrent program or broadcast on the channel defined by the user.Additionally, this option may be presented to the user if no audiofingerprints are found to match the audio sample recorded or obtained bythe client device.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 300 for using anaudio fingerprint of broadcast information to generate and perform asearch for information associated with the broadcast. For clarity ofpresentation, the description that follows generally describes method300 in the context of system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. However, it willbe understood that method 300 may be performed, for example, by anothersystem, environment, or combination of systems and environments.

FIG. 3 generally illustrates method 300 from the perspective of anentire back-end search system capable of receiving an audio sample froma client device, and based at least in part on the audio sample,identifying captured media content matching and/or associated with thereceived audio sample, and generating and executing a search query basedon information associated with the identified captured media. FIG. 3 isillustrated with the understanding that various types of media havealready been captured by the back-end search system. FIG. 4, describedbelow, illustrates an example media capture and processing process thatcan be used in association with FIG. 3 to provide the corresponding dataand information used to identify matching content and generate searchqueries based on that identification. Additionally, FIG. 1 describes anexample system 100 from which the information can be captured.

As shown in FIG. 3, at 305 the back-end search system receives an audiosample from a client device. The back-end search system may beassociated with a plurality of client devices, some or each of differingtypes. At 310, the back-end search system generates an audio fingerprintof the audio sample received from the client device. In some instances,the audio sample received from the client device may include or comprisean audio fingerprint associated with the audio sample generated by theclient device.

At 315, the back-end search system compares the generated audiofingerprint to a plurality of audio fingerprints associated with mediacaptured by the back-end system. In some instances, the generated audiofingerprint (associated with the audio sample from the client device)may be compared against a subset of all available audio fingerprintsstored or associated with the back-end search system based on one ormore characteristics associated with the received audio sample or itsassociated information. For example, if the received audio sampleincluded location-related information regarding the client device, onlyaudio fingerprints associated with the client device's location may besearched or used to compare with the generated audio fingerprint.Further, the comparison process may initially search a relatively newerset of captured media audio fingerprints. If no match is found, thecomparison process may continue to compare the generated audiofingerprint to relatively older sets of captured media audiofingerprints. In some instances, different types of repositoriesassociated with captured media audio fingerprints may be used in thecomparison by the back-end search system. For instance, a set ofcaptured media audio fingerprints and a set of known advertisement audiofingerprints may both be used for the comparison in some instances. Theback-end search system may use a specialized application or service toperform the audio fingerprint comparison, such as the match service 122as illustrated in FIG. 1.

At 320, a determination is made whether an audio fingerprint match isidentified by the fingerprint comparison. If no match is identified, theprocess may be retried, or different or additional audio fingerprintrepositories or subsets thereof may be used in the comparison. If stillno match is identified, a request for the manual entry of a channelassociated with the audio sample can be requested at 325. This requestmay be used when the received audio sample received from the clientdevice does not provide any match, such as when the audio sample is oflow quality, or disturbed by additional ambient noise in the receivingenvironment. By requesting the particular channel or broadcast, theback-end search system can provide for manual identification of thegeneral channel associated with the received audio sample, and determinethe associated content based on that information. The informationreceived from the client device identifying the audio sample source(i.e., the channel or broadcast associated with the audio sample) canthen be used to identify the corresponding captured content.

If an audio fingerprint match is identified at 320, or if specificcontent is identified based on the information received at 330, theback-end search system obtains an identifier of the content associatedwith the matching audio fingerprint at 335. In some instances, eachcaptured media audio fingerprint may be associated with a uniqueidentifier, such as a content ID, that can be used to correlate anyadditional data or metadata associated with the matching content.Additionally, if a manual selection of a particular source is received(via the operations of 325 and 330), the selected channel or broadcastcan be used along with additional information provided by the clientdevice to identify content broadcast at the time at which the originalclient device request was sent. By cross-referencing the timing and thecontextual information from the client device, a particular contentidentifier associated with specific content can be obtained.

Using the obtained content identifier, the back-end search system canobtain additional metadata and other information associated with thecontent identifier at 340. For instance, FIG. 1 illustrates that theservice information server 134 includes various repositories of metadataassociated with the captured media. Each entry in those metadatarepositories can be associated with a particular content identifier, sothat when the content identifier is known, additional information andmetadata can be gathered. The additional metadata can be retrieved fromany suitable location, and any method of querying the metadatarepositories (or other storage structures) can be used to find theinformation associated with the content identifier.

At 345, the back-end search system generates a search query based atleast in part on the identified content and the additionally obtainedmetadata. In some instances, a query generator can combine theinformation obtained in previous operations (such as the metadatainformation associated with the identified content) to generate a searchquery associated with the audio sample received from the client device.The search query can be generated using any suitable search querygeneration process, with various weights provided to the informationassociated with the identified content. Additionally, any search resultscan be weighed based on information provided by the client device or auser associated with the client device to provide personalized searchresults.

Once the search query is generated, the search query may be executed bythe back-end search system at 350. In some instances, such as that ofFIG. 1, the search query may be passed to a search engine, which canthen execute the generated query. At 355, a set of results associatedwith the executed search query are returned to the back-end searchsystem, and subsequently, to the client device. In some instances, someinformation retrieved at 340 may be automatically included in the set ofresults returned to the client device. For instance, sponsoredinformation associated with a particular program or broadcast may beincluded within the search results if the audio sample received from theclient device corresponds to a predefined program.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 400 for capturingbroadcast information and populating repositories of audio fingerprintsand content-related metadata. For clarity of presentation, thedescription that follows generally describes method 400 in the contextof system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. However, it will be understood thatmethod 400 may be performed, for example, by another system,environment, or combination of systems and environments.

FIG. 4 generally illustrates the process associated with capturing liveand/or recorded broadcast information from one or more media sourcestreams, including extracting audio and other related information fromthe streams to allow for detailed sets of information to be derived andassociated with a particular set of captured media. As described above,the information captured and extracted is used to performnon-keyword-based searches associated with audio samples recorded at aclient device. In order to provide these searches, method 400 caninclude a set of operations that allow detailed information and metadatato be associated with various audio samples, and subsequently used ingenerating search queries in response to identifying matching audiosamples (or matching fingerprints of the audio samples).

At 405, a capture server is associated with at least one broadcastchannel or other media source. For instance, a capture server can beassociated with one or more digital television channels at a time.Multiple capture servers may be applied in various systems, and can beassociated with any number of media sources. In some instances, captureservers may be used to capture information associated with material fromDVDs and Blu-rays, as well as from streaming, online content. In somethose instances, the capture process may only need to be performed once,as information from these sources may remain the same no matter when aclient device captures audio samples associated therewith.Alternatively, the capture servers may continuously and/or in real-timecapture various media source streams as they broadcast multimediacontent.

At 410, the capture servers can capture content from the channels withwhich the servers are associated. In other words, the content broadcastby the one or more associated channels or broadcast sources arecollected and prepared for processing by the capture servers. Forexample, at 415 audio samples associated with captured content areextracted from the media source stream, as well as other relatedinformation. The additional information associated with the capturedcontent can include any information included in or derivable from thecaptured content, and may be different based on the type of media sourcewith which the capture server is associated, as well as the type ofcaptured media. For television programming, the media source stream canbe extracted to retrieve an audio stream, a subtitle stream, a videostream, and EPG data. Additionally, information associated with thespecific channel being broadcast can be extracted, including, forexample, a channel name and a channel genre (e.g., sports, news, etc.).For a radio broadcast, an audio stream, along with other informationencoded in the signal, may be extracted. Additionally, the audio streamof any media source may be processed by a speech-to-text processor toallow subtitles or text of the content to be collected. Returning to thetelevision (or any video-based programming or broadcasts), images takenfrom the video stream may be processed by an image analysis server (suchas 155 of FIG. 1) to extract and/or generate additional informationassociated with the content.

At 420, an audio fingerprint of the audio sample extracted from thecaptured content is generated. As previously described, any suitablemethod for generating the audio fingerprint may be used. At 425, thegenerated audio fingerprint is stored in a first repository. At 430, thegenerated audio fingerprint is associated with a content identifier. Thecontent identifier may be any unique identifier that allows thegenerated audio fingerprint to be associated with the additionalinformation extracted from the captured media. For example, if subtitlesare extracted from the captured media, any information or metadataassociated with the subtitles can be associated or embedded with thecontent identifier.

At 435, the additional information extracted and/or derived from thecaptured media is processed to generate one or more sets of metadata tobe associated with and describing the captured media. As described inregards to FIG. 1, the subtitle stream may be processed by performing anOCR operation on the subtitle bitmap. Additionally, any imagesassociated with the video stream may be used or further processed togenerate video-based keywords associated with the captured content. Anyadditional information or data extracted from the captured media can besimilarly processed into contextual metadata associated with thecaptured media and to be associated with any identified content.

At 440, the processed set of related information is stored in a secondrepository. As illustrated in FIG. 1, each type of extracted andprocessed information can be stored in a different repository, such asthe video-based keyword metadata repository 174, the subtitle metadatarepository 172, and the EPG metadata repository 176, as well as anyother suitable repository or storage location. At 445, each set ofinformation stored in those repositories can be associated with thecontent identifier. Therefore, using FIG. 3 as an example, when an audiofingerprint generated from an audio sample recorded at the client deviceis received and matched to an audio fingerprint associated with somecaptured content, the content identifier associated with that matchingaudio fingerprint can be used to retrieve any metadata or other contentassociated with that content identifier.

FIG. 5 is an example illustration 500 of search results provided to aclient device 505 on a continuous or periodic basis using one or moreexample methods of the present disclosure. In other words, analternative embodiment of the present disclosure also includes a“continuous” mode of operation where the client device 505 continuously,or at regular intervals, records and transmits captured audio from abroadcast source 502 to the back-end search system, allowing for resultsto be continually provided to the client device 505 as new informationand content is recorded and transmitted to the search system. In suchembodiments, once a client audio capture application associated with theclient device 505 is loaded or launched, the capture application cancontinuously (or periodically) record audio samples from the broadcastsource 502 and transmit the audio samples to the back-end searchservers, thus allowing for multiple searches to be performed onsequentially recorded sets of audio obtained by the client device 505.Therefore, corresponding results may be continuously or periodicallypushed, or returned, to the client device 505 and displayed on agraphical user interface associated with the client device's captureapplication.

As additional results are received from the back-end search system, thelist of results displayed on the client device 505 can be continuouslyor periodically updated to correspond to the current broadcast source502. Additionally, should the end user change the broadcast source 502associated with the client device 50 (e.g., changing of a televisionchannel or a radio station, moving from a first type of media, such astelevision, to a second type of media, such as online streaming video,etc.), updated searches can be performed with results associated withthe new broadcast source 502 displayed on the client device 505.

Using the audio samples received from the client device, the back-endsearch system can be used (as described in the present disclosure or anyother suitable alternative) to identify the content and contextassociated with each received audio sample, including people, locations,news stories, products, and other information mentioned or associatedwith the channel or broadcast source's most recent (and captured) audio.Using the identified content and contextual information, the back-endsearch system can generate a relevant search query and identify one ormore search results associated with each set of received audio samples.In some instances, the one or more search results may include a topsearch result from a general search engine, a related news storyassociated with an online news source, a link to a map or informationassociated with a location associated with the content of the capturedaudio sample, a link to a product discussed or associated with the audiosample, or any other information related to the identified content.Further, the identified genre associated with the captured broadcastsource 502 may be used to determine a subset of information to search.For instance, a news program may result in news search results beingweight heavier than other search results, while a product-relatedprogram may result in product and shopping-related search results beingweighed heavier. In some instances of the continuous or periodicembodiment, the number of search results returned for each particularaudio sample may be limited in order to allow for search results fromover a time interval (e.g., associated with multiple sets of capturedaudio) to be presented on the client device 505.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the client device 505 can display new searchresults (515 a-d) as they are returned by the back-end search system, aswell as a channel or broadcast source identifier 510. For example, FIG.5 illustrates search results associated with a newscast, with eachsearch result (515 a, 515 b, 515 c, and 515 d) corresponding todifferent stories included in the viewed broadcast. As new searchresults are generated and returned by the back-end search system, thenew result (515 a) can be inserted at the top of the search resultslist, thereby continuously updating the search results as new oradditional searches are performed. In instances where the channel orbroadcast source is changed while the application is executing, thechannel or broadcast source identifier 510 may be changed accordingly.Alternatively, a second channel or broadcast source identifier can beinserted at the top of the search results page, with the originalchannel or broadcast source identifier being moved lower on the searchresults list. Results associated with the second channel or broadcastsource can be shown below the second broadcast source identifier andabove the original channel or broadcast source identifier in order todifferentiate between search results associated with the differentbroadcast sources.

While the present disclosure uses a plurality of flowcharts andaccompanying descriptions to illustrate the example techniquesassociated with various methods of FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, system 100contemplates using or implementing any suitable technique for performingthese and other tasks. It will be understood that these techniques arefor illustration purposes only and that the described or similartechniques may be performed at any appropriate time, includingconcurrently, individually, or in combination. In addition, many of thesteps in these flowcharts may take place simultaneously and/or indifferent orders than as shown and described. Moreover, system 100 mayuse processes and methods with additional, fewer, and/or differentsteps, so long as the processes and methods remain appropriate.

Embodiments of the subject matter and the operations described in thisspecification can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or incomputer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structuresdisclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or incombinations of one or more of them. Embodiments of the subject matterdescribed in this specification can be implemented as one or morecomputer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer programinstructions, encoded on computer storage medium for execution by, or tocontrol the operation of, data processing apparatus. Alternatively or inaddition, the program instructions can be encoded on anartificially-generated propagated signal, e.g., a machine-generatedelectrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated toencode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus forexecution by a data processing apparatus. A computer storage medium canbe, or be included in, a computer-readable storage device, acomputer-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memoryarray or device, or a combination of one or more of them. Moreover,while a computer storage medium is not a propagated signal, a computerstorage medium can be a source or destination of computer programinstructions encoded in an artificially-generated propagated signal. Thecomputer storage medium can also be, or be included in, one or moreseparate physical components or media (e.g., multiple CDs, disks, orother storage devices).

The operations described in this specification can be implemented asoperations performed by a data processing apparatus on data stored onone or more computer-readable storage devices or received from othersources.

The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all kinds of apparatus,devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example aprogrammable processor, a computer, a system on a chip, or multipleones, or combinations, of the foregoing. The apparatus can includespecial purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gatearray) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). Theapparatus can also include, in addition to hardware, code that createsan execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g.,code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a databasemanagement system, an operating system, a cross-platform runtimeenvironment, a virtual machine, or a combination of one or more of them.The apparatus and execution environment can realize various differentcomputing model infrastructures, such as web services, distributedcomputing and grid computing infrastructures.

A computer program (also known as a program, software, softwareapplication, script, or code) can be written in any form of programminglanguage, including compiled or interpreted languages, declarative orprocedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as astand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, object, orother unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computerprogram may, but need not, correspond to a file in a file system. Aprogram can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programsor data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup languagedocument), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or inmultiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules,sub-programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployedto be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are locatedat one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by acommunication network.

The processes and logic flows described in this specification can beperformed by one or more programmable processors executing one or morecomputer programs to perform actions by operating on input data andgenerating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performedby, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logiccircuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC(application-specific integrated circuit).

Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, byway of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, andany one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, aprocessor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory ora random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer area processor for performing actions in accordance with instructions andone or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally,a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive datafrom or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices forstoring data, e.g., magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks.However, a computer need not have such devices. Moreover, a computer canbe embedded in another device, e.g., a mobile telephone, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a mobile audio or video player, a game console,a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, or a portable storage device(e.g., a universal serial bus (USB) flash drive), to name just a few.Devices suitable for storing computer program instructions and datainclude all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices,including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM,EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal harddisks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROMdisks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, orincorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

To provide for interaction with a user, embodiments of the subjectmatter described in this specification can be implemented on a computerhaving a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquidcrystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user and akeyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by whichthe user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices canbe used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example,feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g.,visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input fromthe user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, ortactile input. In addition, a computer can interact with a user bysending documents to and receiving documents from a device that is usedby the user; for example, by sending web pages to a web browser on auser's client device in response to requests received from the webbrowser.

Embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can beimplemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component,e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g.,an application server, or that includes a front-end component, e.g., aclient computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browserthrough which a user can interact with an implementation of the subjectmatter described in this specification, or any combination of one ormore such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The componentsof the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digitaldata communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples ofcommunication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a widearea network (“WAN”), an inter-network (e.g., the Internet), andpeer-to-peer networks (e.g., ad hoc peer-to-peer networks).

The computing system can include clients and servers. A client andserver are generally remote from each other and typically interactthrough a communication network. The relationship of client and serverarises by virtue of computer programs running on the respectivecomputers and having a client-server relationship to each other. In someembodiments, a server transmits data (e.g., an HTML page) to a clientdevice (e.g., for purposes of displaying data to and receiving userinput from a user interacting with the client device). Data generated atthe client device (e.g., a result of the user interaction) can bereceived from the client device at the server.

While this specification contains many specific implementation details,these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of anyinventions or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions offeatures specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions.Certain features that are described in this specification in the contextof separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in asingle embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described inthe context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multipleembodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover,although features may be described above as acting in certaincombinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more featuresfrom a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from thecombination, and the claimed combination may be directed to asubcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processingmay be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various systemcomponents in the embodiments described above should not be understoodas requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should beunderstood that the described program components and systems cangenerally be integrated together in a single software product orpackaged into multiple software products.

Thus, particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described.Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In somecases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a differentorder and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processesdepicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require theparticular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirableresults. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallelprocessing may be advantageous.

1. A method comprising: receiving audio data from a client device;identifying specific content from captured media based on the receivedaudio data, wherein the identified specific content is associated withthe received audio data and the captured media includes at least one ofaudio media or audio-video media; obtaining additional metadataassociated with the identified content; generating a search query basedat least in part on the obtained additional metadata; and returning oneor more search results to the client device, the one or more searchresults responsive to the search query and associated with the receivedaudio data.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device includesa mobile device.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the mobile deviceincludes one of a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop, a network, or atablet PC.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the client device includesa set-top box associated with a presentation of audio media oraudio-video media.
 5. The method of claim 1, where the audio datareceived from the client device includes an audio fingerprint of mediarecorded at the client device.
 6. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising obtaining an audio fingerprint of the audio data.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, wherein obtaining the audio fingerprint includesgenerating an audio fingerprint from the audio data received from theclient device.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the captured mediaincludes a collection of captured digital television broadcasts, themethod further comprising: monitoring at least one digital televisionchannel; extracting an audio stream from each of the at least onedigital television channels; generating, for each of the monitored atleast one digital television channels, an audio fingerprint from atleast a portion of the extracted audio stream; and storing each of thegenerated audio fingerprints in an audio fingerprint repository, eachgenerated audio fingerprint associated with a unique content identifier.9. The method of claim 8 further comprising: deriving at least oneadditional set of information associated with each extracted audiostream; generating at least one set of content-related metadataassociated with each extracted audio stream based on the derived atleast one additional set of information; associating each of the atleast one set of content-related metadata with the unique contentidentifier associated with the generated audio fingerprint associatedwith the corresponding extracted audio stream; and storing each of theat least one set of content-related metadata in a metadata repository.10. The method of claim 9, wherein: identifying specific content fromcaptured media includes: matching an audio fingerprint generated fromthe audio data received from the client device with at least one audiofingerprint stored in the audio fingerprint repository; and identifyingthe unique content identifier associated with the at least one audiofingerprint stored in the audio fingerprint repository; and obtainingadditional metadata associated with the identified content includesretrieving content-related metadata associated with the identifiedunique content identifier from the metadata repository.
 11. A computerstorage medium encoded with a computer program, the program comprisinginstructions that when executed by data processing apparatus cause thedata processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: receivingaudio data from a client device; identifying specific content fromcaptured media based on the received audio data, wherein the identifiedspecific content is associated with the received audio data and thecaptured media includes at least one of audio media or audio-videomedia; obtaining additional metadata associated with the identifiedcontent; generating a search query based at least in part on theobtained additional metadata; and returning one or more search resultsto the client device, the one or more search results responsive to thesearch query and associated with the received audio data.
 12. The mediumof claim 11, wherein the client device includes a mobile device.
 13. Themedium of claim 12, wherein the mobile device includes one of a mobilephone, a smartphone, a laptop, a network, or a tablet PC.
 14. The mediumof claim 11, wherein the client device includes a set-top box associatedwith the presentation of audio media or audio-video media.
 15. Themedium of claim 11, wherein the audio data received from the clientdevice includes an audio fingerprint of media recorded at the clientdevice.
 16. The medium of claim 11, the program comprising instructionsthat when executed by data processing apparatus cause the dataprocessing apparatus to perform operations further comprising obtainingan audio fingerprint of the audio data.
 17. The medium of claim 16,wherein obtaining the audio fingerprint includes generating an audiofingerprint from the audio data received from the client device.
 18. Themedium of claim 11, wherein the captured media includes a collection ofcaptured digital television broadcasts, the program comprisinginstructions that when executed by data processing apparatus cause thedata processing apparatus to perform operations further comprising:monitoring at least one digital television channel; extracting an audiostream from each of the at least one digital television channels;generating, for each of the monitored at least one digital televisionchannels, an audio fingerprint from at least a portion of the extractedaudio stream; and storing each of the generated audio fingerprints in anaudio fingerprint repository, each generated audio fingerprintassociated with a unique content identifier.
 19. The medium of claim 18,the program comprising instructions that when executed by dataprocessing apparatus cause the data processing apparatus to performoperations further comprising: deriving at least one additional set ofinformation associated with each extracted audio stream; generating atleast one set of content-related metadata associated with each extractedaudio stream based on the derived at least one additional set ofinformation; associating each of the at least one set of content-relatedmetadata with the unique content identifier associated with thegenerated audio fingerprint associated with the corresponding extractedaudio stream; and storing each of the at least one set ofcontent-related metadata in a metadata repository.
 20. The medium ofclaim 19, wherein: identifying specific content from captured mediaincludes: matching an audio fingerprint generated from the audio datareceived from the client device with at least one audio fingerprintstored in the audio fingerprint repository; and identifying the uniquecontent identifier associated with the at least one audio fingerprintstored in the audio fingerprint repository; and obtaining additionalmetadata associated with the identified content includes retrievingcontent-related metadata associated with the identified unique contentidentifier from the metadata repository.
 21. A system comprising: one ormore front-end servers adapted to receive one or more sets of audio datafrom one or more client devices; one or more match servers adapted toidentify a set of program data from a plurality of sets of program data,wherein each set of program data corresponds to one or more capturedmedia programs, based on the audio data; one or more service informationservers adapted to: store additional information associated withcaptured media programs; and identify specific additional informationassociated with the identified set of program data; and one or moresearch query builder servers adapted to generate a search query based atleast in part on the identified specific additional informationassociated with the identified program data; the one or more front-endservers further adapted to send at least one search query resultidentified based on the generated search query to the one or more clientdevices.
 22. The system of claim 21, the one or more front-end serversfurther adapted to obtain an audio fingerprint based on the one or moresets of received audio data; the one or more match servers furtheradapted to: compare the obtained audio fingerprint with a plurality ofprogram data-based audio fingerprints; and identify at least one of theplurality of program data-based audio fingerprints matching the obtainedaudio fingerprint.
 23. The system of claim 21, further comprising one ormore search engine servers adapted to receive the generated search queryand identify at least one search query result responsive to thegenerated search query.
 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the one ormore client devices include a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop, anetwork, or a tablet PC.
 25. A method comprising: obtaining an audiosample from at least one media source at a client device; transmittingaudio data associated with at least a portion of the audio sample fromthe client device to a non-keyword-based search system; receiving a setof search results associated with the transmitted portion of the audiodata at the client device, wherein the set of search results aregenerated at the non-keyword-based search system by identifying mediaprogramming associated with the obtained audio sample using thetransmitted audio data, selecting one or more search terms based on theidentified media programming, and submitting the one or more searchterms to a search engine; and presenting the set of search results atthe client device.
 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the at least onemedia source includes a local media source, and further whereinobtaining the audio sample from at least one media source at the clientdevice includes recording ambient audio associated with the local mediasource.
 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the at least one mediasource includes at least one of a television broadcast, a radiobroadcast, an Internet-based multimedia presentation, a DVDpresentation, or a Blu-ray presentation.
 28. The method of claim 25,wherein the non-keyword-based search system includes one or moreservers, and further wherein: identifying media programming associatedwith the obtained audio sample using the transmitted audio data includesobtaining additional metadata associated with the identified mediaprogramming at the non-keyword-based search system; selecting one ormore search terms based on the identified media programming includesgenerating a search query based at least in part on the obtainedadditional metadata at the non-keyword-based search system; andreceiving a set of search results associated with the transmittedportion of the audio data at the client device includes transmitting aset of search results responsive to the generated search query from thenon-keyword-based search system to the client device.
 29. The method ofclaim 25, wherein the client device includes a mobile device.
 30. Themethod of claim 29, wherein the mobile device includes one of a mobilephone, a smartphone, a laptop, a network, or a tablet PC.
 31. The methodof claim 25 further comprising obtaining an audio fingerprint of atleast a portion of the audio sample at the client device, and whereinthe transmitted audio data associated with the at least a portion of theaudio sample includes the obtained audio fingerprint.
 32. A computerstorage medium encoded with a computer program, the program comprisinginstructions that when executed by data processing apparatus cause thedata processing apparatus to perform operations comprising: obtaining anaudio sample from at least one media source; transmitting audio dataassociated with at least a portion of the audio sample to anon-keyword-based search system; receiving a set of search resultsassociated with the transmitted portion of the audio data, wherein theset of search results are generated at the non-keyword-based searchsystem by identifying media programming associated with the obtainedaudio sample using the transmitted audio data, selecting one or moresearch terms based on the identified media programming, and submittingthe one or more search terms to a search engine; and presenting the setof search results.
 33. The medium of claim 32, wherein the at least onemedia source includes a local media source, and further whereinobtaining the audio sample from at least one media source includesrecording ambient audio associated with the local media source.
 34. Themedium of claim 32, wherein the at least one media source includes atleast one of a television broadcast, a radio broadcast, anInternet-based multimedia presentation, a DVD presentation, or a Blu-raypresentation.
 35. The medium of claim 32, wherein the non-keyword-basedsearch system includes one or more servers, and further wherein:identifying media programming associated with the obtained audio sampleusing the transmitted audio data includes obtaining additional metadataassociated with the identified media programming at thenon-keyword-based search system; selecting one or more search termsbased on the identified media programming includes generating a searchquery based at least in part on the obtained additional metadata at thenon-keyword-based search system; and receiving a set of search resultsassociated with the transmitted portion of the audio data includestransmitting a set of search results responsive to the generated searchquery from the non-keyword-based search system.
 36. The medium of claim32, wherein the computer storage medium includes a mobile device. 37.The medium of claim 36, wherein the mobile device includes one of amobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop, a network, or a tablet PC.
 38. Themedium of claim 32, the program comprising instructions that whenexecuted by data processing apparatus cause the data processingapparatus to perform operations further comprising obtaining an audiofingerprint of at least a portion of the audio sample, and wherein thetransmitted audio data associated with the at least a portion of theaudio sample includes the obtained audio fingerprint.